VHE $γ$-ray observations of bright BL Lacs with the Large-Sized Telescope prototype (LST-1) of the CTAO
The CTAO-LST Project, :, K. Abe, S. Abe, A. Abhishek, F. Acero, A. Aguasca-Cabot, I. Agudo, C. Alispach, D. Ambrosino, F. Ambrosino, L. A. Antonelli, C. Aramo, A. Arbet-Engels, C. Arcaro, T. T. H. Arnesen, K. Asano, P. Aubert, A. Baktash, M. Balbo, A. Bamba, A. Baquero Larriva, U. Barres de Almeida, J. A. Barrio, L. Barrios Jiménez, I. Batkovic, J. Baxter, J. Becerra González, E. Bernardini, J. Bernete, A. Berti, I. Bezshyiko, C. Bigongiari, E. Bissaldi, O. Blanch, G. Bonnoli, P. Bordas, G. Borkowski, G. Brunelli, A. Bulgarelli, M. Bunse, I. Burelli, L. Burmistrov, M. Cardillo, S. Caroff, A. Carosi, R. Carraro, M. S. Carrasco, F. Cassol, D. Cerasole, G. Ceribella, A. Cerviño Cortínez, Y. Chai, K. Cheng, A. Chiavassa, M. Chikawa, G. Chon, L. Chytk, G. M. Cicciari, A. Cifuentes, J. L. Contreras, J. Cortina, H. Costantini, M. Dalchenko, P. Da Vela, F. Dazzi, A. De Angelis, M. de Bony de Lavergne, R. Del Burgo, C. Delgado, J. Delgado Mengual, M. Dellaiera, D. della Volpe, B. De Lotto, L. Del Peral, R. de Menezes, G. De Palma, C. Díaz, G. Di Marco, A. Di Piano, F. Di Pierr, R. Di Tria, L. Di Venere, R. M. Dominik, D. Dominis Prester, A. Donini, D. Dorner, M. Doro, L. Eisenberger, D. Elsässer, G. Emery, J. Escudero, V. Fallah Ramazani, F. Ferrarotto, A. Fiasson, L. Foffano, F. Frías García-Lago, S. Fröse, Y. Fukazawa, S. Gallozzi, R. Garcia López, S. Garcia Soto, C. Gasbarra, D. Gasparrini, D. Geyer, J. Giesbrecht Paiva, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, N. Godinovic, T. Gradetzke, R. Grau, D. Green, J. Green, S. Gunji, P. Günther, J. Hackfeld, D. Hadasch, A. Hahn, M. Hashizume, T. Hassan, K. Hayashi, L. Heckmann, M. Heller, J. Herrera Llorente, K. Hirotani, D. Hoffmann, D. Horns, J. Houles, M. Hrabovsky, D. Hrupec, D. Hui, M. Iarlori, R. Imazawa, T. Inada, Y. Inome, S. Inoue, K. Ioka, M. Iori, T. Itokawa, A. Iuliano, J. Jahanvi, I. Jimenez Martinez, J. Jimenez Quiles, I. Jorge Rodrigo, J. Jurysek, M. Kagaya, O. Kalashev, V. Karas, H. Katagiri, D. Kerszberg, T. Kiyomoto, Y. Kobayashi, K. Kohri, A. Kong, P. Kornecki, H. Kubo, J. Kushida, B. Lacave, M. Lainez, G. Lamanna, A. Lamastra, L. Lemoigne, M. Linhoff, S. Lombardi, F. Longo, R. López-Coto, M. López-Moya, A. López-Oramas, S. Loporchio, A. Lorini, J. Lozano Bahilo, F. Lucarelli, H. Luciani, P. L. Luque-Escamilla, P. Majumdar, M. Makariev, M. Mallamaci, D. Mandat, M. Manganaro, D. K. Maniadakis, G. Manicò, K. Mannheim, S. Marchesi, F. Marini, M. Mariotti, P. Marquez, G. Marsella, J. Martí, O. Martinez, G. Martínez, M. Martínez, A. Mas-Aguilar, M. Massa, G. Maurin, D. Mazin, J. Méndez-Gallego, S. Menon, E. Mestre Guillen, D. Miceli, T. Miener, J. M. Miranda, R. Mirzoyan, M. Mizote, T. Mizuno, M. Molero Gonzalez, E. Molina, T. Montaruli, A. Moralejo, D. Morcuende, A. Moreno Ramos, A. Morselli, V. Moya, H. Muraishi, S. Nagataki, T. Nakamori, A. Neronov, D. Nieto Castaño, M. Nievas Rosillo, L. Nikolic, K. Nishijima, K. Noda, D. Nosek, V. Novotny, S. Nozaki, M. Ohishi, Y. Ohtani, T. Oka, A. Okumura, R. Orito, L. Orsini, J. Otero-Santos, P. Ottanelli, M. Palatiello, G. Panebianco, D. Paneque, F. R. Pantaleo, R. Paoletti, J. M. Paredes, M. Pech, M. Pecimotika, M. Peresano, F. Pfeifle, E. Pietropaolo, M. Pihet, G. Pirola, C. Plard, F. Podobnik, M. Polo, E. Prandini, C. Priyadarshi, M. Prouza, S. Rainò, R. Rando, W. Rhode, M. Ribó, V. Rizi, G. Rodriguez Fernandez, M. D. Rodríguez Frías, P. Romano, A. Roy, A. Ruina, E. Ruiz-Velasco, T. Saito, S. Sakurai, D. A. Sanchez, H. Sano, T. Šarić, Y. Sato, F. G. Saturni, V. Savchenko, F. Schiavone, B. Schleicher, F. Schmuckermaier, J. L. Schubert, F. Schussler, T. Schweizer, M. Seglar Arroyo, T. Siegert, G. Silvestri, A. Simongini, J. Sitarek, V. Sliusar, A. Stamerra, J. Strišković, M. Strzys, Y. Suda, A. Sunny, H. Tajima, M. Takahashi, J. Takata, R. Takeishi, P. H. T. Tam, S. J. Tanaka, D. Tateishi, T. Tavernier, P. Temnikov, Y. Terada, K. Terauchi, T. Terzic, M. Teshima, M. Tluczykont, F. Tokanai, T. Tomura, D. F. Torres, F. Tramonti, P. Travnicek, G. Tripodo, A. Tutone, M. Vacula, J. van Scherpenberg, M. Vázquez Acosta, S. Ventura, S. Vercellone, G. Verna, I. Viale, A. Vigliano, C. F. Vigorito, E. Visentin, V. Vitale, V. Voitsekhovskyi, G. Voutsinas, I. Vovk, T. Vuillaume, R. Walter, L. Wan, M. Will, J. Wójtowicz, T. Yamamoto, R. Yamazaki, Y. Yao, P. K. H. Yeung, T. Yoshida, T. Yoshikoshi, W. Zhang
公開日: 2025/10/4
Abstract
Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory (CTAO) is the next-generation ground-based gamma-ray observatory operating in the energy range from 20 GeV up to 300 TeV, with two sites in La Palma (Spain) and Paranal (Chile). It will consist of telescopes of three sizes, covering different parts of the large energy range. We report on the performance of Large-Sized Telescope prototype (LST-1) in the detection and characterization of extragalactic gamma-ray sources, with a focus on the reconstructed gamma-ray spectra and variability of classical bright BL Lacertae objects, which were observed during the early commissioning phase of the instrument. LST-1 data from known bright gamma-ray blazars - Markarian 421, Markarian 501, 1ES 1959+650, 1ES 0647+250, and PG 1553+113 - were collected between July 10, 2020, and May 23, 2022, covering a zenith angle range of 4 deg to 57 deg. The reconstructed light curves were analyzed using a Bayesian block algorithm to distinguish the different activity phases of each blazar. Simultaneous Fermi-LAT data were utilized to reconstruct the broadband $\gamma$-ray spectra for the sources during each activity phase. High-level reconstructed data in a format compatible with gammapy are provided together with measured light curves and spectral energy distributions (SEDs) for several bright blazars and an interpretation of the observed variability in long and short timescales. Simulations of historical flares are generated to evaluate the sensitivity of LST-1. This work represents the first milestone in monitoring bright BL Lacertae objects with a CTAO telescope.