📝 SummarXiv

Abstract

Based on the two-flavor NJL model with Tsallis non-extensive statistics, this work explores the QCD phase structure and thermodynamic properties under strong magnetic fields and chiral imbalance. The Tsallis parameter \( q \) captures non-equilibrium effects relevant to heavy-ion collisions. Key findings reveal that the pseudocritical temperature \(T_{\textrm{pc}} \) decreases with increasing \( q \), indicating that non-equilibrium conditions promote chiral symmetry restoration at lower temperatures. The chiral chemical potential \( \mu_5 \) significantly alters the magnetic response, with a transition from magnetic catalysis to inverse magnetic catalysis under certain conditions. For \( q>1 \), non-monotonic behavior of \(T_{\textrm{pc}} \) with magnetic field \( eB \) emerges. Pressure becomes anisotropic under strong \( eB \), and the speed of sound exhibits a dip near \(T_{\textrm{pc}} \), shifting to lower temperatures with larger \( q \). These results highlight how non-extensive statistics, chiral imbalance, and magnetic fields collectively influence the QCD phase diagram and thermodynamic observables, offering insights for interpreting heavy-ion collision data.