GRB 250702B: Discovery of a Gamma-Ray Burst from a Black Hole Falling into a Star
Eliza Neights, Eric Burns, Chris L. Fryer, Dmitry Svinkin, Suman Bala, Rachel Hamburg, Ramandeep Gill, Michela Negro, Megan Masterson, James DeLaunay, David J. Lawrence, Sophie E. D. Abrahams, Yuta Kawakubo, Paz Beniamini, Christian Aa. Diget, Dmitry Frederiks, John Goldsten, Adam Goldstein, Alexander D. Hall-Smith, Erin Kara, Alison M. Laird, Gavin P. Lamb, Oliver J. Roberts, Ryan Seeb, V. Ashley Villar, Aldana Holzmann Airasca, Joseph R. Barber, P. Narayana Bhat, Elisabetta Bissaldi, Michael S. Briggs, William H Cleveland, Sarah Dalessi, Davide Depalo, Misty M. Giles, Jonathan Granot, Boyan A. Hristov, C. Michelle Hui, Andreas von Kienlin, Carolyn Kierans, Daniel Kocevski, Stephen Lesage, Alexandra L. Lysenko, Bagrat Mailyan, Christian Malacaria, Tyler Parsotan, Anna Ridnaia, Samuele Ronchini, Lorenzo Scotton, Aaron C. Trigg, Anastasia Tsvetkova, Mikhail Ulanov, Péter Veres, Maia Williams, Colleen A. Wilson-Hodge, Joshua Wood
公開日: 2025/9/26
Abstract
Gamma-ray bursts are the most luminous electromagnetic events in the universe. Their prompt gamma-ray emission has typical durations between a fraction of a second and several minutes. A rare subset of these events have durations in excess of a thousand seconds, referred to as ultra-long gamma-ray bursts. Here, we report the discovery of the longest gamma-ray burst ever seen with a ~25,000 s gamma-ray duration, GRB 250702B, and characterize this event using data from four instruments in the InterPlanetary Network and the Monitor of All-sky X-ray Image. We find a hard spectrum, subsecond variability, and high total energy, which are only known to arise from ultrarelativistic jets powered by a rapidly-spinning stellar-mass central engine. These properties and the extreme duration are together incompatible with all confirmed gamma-ray burst progenitors and nearly all models in the literature. This burst is naturally explained with the helium merger model, where a field binary ends when a black hole falls into a stripped star and proceeds to consume and explode it from within. Under this paradigm, GRB 250702B adds to the growing evidence that helium stars expand and that some ultra-long GRBs have similar evolutionary pathways as collapsars, stellar-mass gravitational wave sources, and potentially rare types of supernovae.