📝 SummarXiv

Abstract

This work is a companion to our previous papers showing that the data-favored $\mu$-$\tau$ modulus relation $|U_{\mu i}|=|U_{\tau i}|$ does not imply the ''minimal'' condition $R=PR^*$ and exhibiting six right-multiplications $F$ of the heavy-light block $R$ with $(RF)D_N(RF)^{T}=R D_N R^{T}$, leaving $m_\nu$ unchanged. Here we give a complete classification and basis-invariant diagnostics that distinguish inequivalent completions with the same $m_\nu$. We prove all $m_\nu$-preserving right multiplications form the $D_N$-orthogonal group $\mathcal{G}\equiv\{F\in GL(3,\mathbb{C})\mid F D_N F^{T}=D_N\}=D_N^{1/2}O(3,\mathbb{C})D_N^{-1/2}$, with $H=D_N^{-1/2}F D_N^{1/2}\in O(3,\mathbb{C})$. Although $F\in\mathcal{G}$ leaves $m_\nu$ unchanged, we construct weak-basis invariants that separate classes inside $\mathcal{G}$. Quantities built only from $h_\nu=m_\nu m_\nu^\dagger$ (e.g., $\mathrm{Tr} h_\nu$, $\mathrm{Tr} h_\nu^2$, $\det h_\nu$) are class-blind, while invariants involving the heavy-light/Dirac sectors are class-sensitive: $\mathrm{Tr}\eta$, $\mathrm{Tr}\eta^2$, the alignment $\mathrm{Tr}([\eta,h_\nu]^2)$, and a CP-odd leptogenesis invariant $\mathcal{I}^{(1)}_{\rm CP}$. We rigorously prove flavor invariance and show analytically that $\det\eta=\tfrac18\det(D\nu)\det(D_N^{-1})$ is class-independent. Using the six representatives as benchmarks, the class-sensitive invariants separate completions by orders of magnitude and may flip sign (for $\mathcal{I}^{(1)}_{\rm CP}$), while class-blind set is identical. We also analyze heavy-mass degeneracies, which enlarge $\mathcal{G}$ and suppress unflavored CP-odd traces, motivating flavored variants. Phenomenologically, this yields basis-invariant fingerprints and identifies non-unitarity, charged-lepton flavor violation, and leptogenesis as decisive probes constraining $O(3,\mathbb{C})$ sectors at fixed $(U,D_\nu,D_N)$.