A carbon-rich atmosphere on a windy pulsar planet
Michael Zhang, Maya Beleznay, Timothy D. Brandt, Roger W. Romani, Peter Gao, Hayley Beltz, Matthew Bailes, Matthew C. Nixon, Jacob L. Bean, Thaddeus D. Komacek, Brandon P. Coy, Guangwei Fu, Rafael Luque, Daniel J. Reardon, Emma Carli, Ryan M. Shannon, Jonathan J. Fortney, Anjali A. A. Piette, M. Coleman Miller, Jean-Michel Desert
公開日: 2025/9/4
Abstract
A handful of enigmatic Jupiter-mass objects have been discovered orbiting pulsars. One such object, PSR J2322-2650b, uniquely resembles a hot Jupiter exoplanet due to its minimum density of 1.8 g/cm^3 and its ~1900 K equilibrium temperature. We use JWST to observe its emission spectrum across an entire orbit. In stark contrast to every known exoplanet orbiting a main-sequence star, we find an atmosphere rich in molecular carbon (C3, C2) with strong westward winds. Our observations open up a new exoplanetary chemical regime (ultra-high C/O and C/N ratios of >100 and >10,000 respectively) and dynamical regime (ultra-fast rotation with external irradiation) to observational study. The extreme carbon enrichment poses a severe challenge to the current understanding of "black widow" companions, which were expected to consist of a wider range of elements due to their origins as stripped stellar cores.