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Abstract

In this work, we establish a new characterization of sub-Gaussian heat kernel estimates for Dirichlet forms on metric measure spaces. Our formulation is based on the newly introduced \emph{cutoff energy condition}, which provides a simpler and more transparent alternative for earlier technical energy inequalities, in particular the cutoff Sobolev inequality. The main idea of our approach is to reinterpret the cutoff Sobolev inequality as a certain Poincar\'e type inequality, and analyze it using Haj{\l}asz--Koskela techniques from analysis on metric spaces. We present a broad class of new examples in which the sub-Gaussian heat kernel estimates are verified.