Materials and Design Strategies of Fully 3D Printed Biodegradable Wireless Devices for Biomedical Applications
Ju-Yong Lee, Jooik Jeon, Joo-Hyeon Park, Se-Hun Kang, Yea-seol Park, Min-Sung Chae, Jieun Han, Kyung-Sub Kim, Jae-Hwan Lee, Sung-Geun Choi, Sun-Young Park, Young-Seo Kim, Yoon-Nam Kim, Seung-Min Lee, Myung-Kyun Choi, Jun Min Moon, Joon-Woo Kim, Seung-Kwon Seol, Jeonghyun Kim, Jahyun Koo, Ju-Young Kim, Woo-Byoung Kim, Kang-Sik Lee, Jung Keun Hyun, Seung-Kyun Kang
公開日: 2025/8/21
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing of bioelectronics offers a versatile platform for fabricating personalized and structurally integrated electronic systems within biological scaffolds. Biodegradable electronics, which naturally dissolve after their functional lifetime, minimize the long-term burden on both patients and healthcare providers by eliminating the need for surgical retrieval. In this study, we developed a library of 3D-printable, biodegradable electronic inks encompassing conductors, semiconductors, dielectrics, thereby enabling the direct printing of fully functional, multi-material, customizable electronic systems in a single integrated process. Especially, conjugated molecules were introduced to improve charge mobility, energy level alignment in semiconducting inks. This ink platform supports the fabrication of passive/active components and physical/chemical sensors making it suitable for complex biomedical applications. Versatility of this system was demonstrated through two representative applications: (i) wireless pressure sensor embedded within biodegradable scaffolds, (ii) wireless electrical stimulators that retain programmable electrical functionality in vivo and degrade post-implantation. This work establishes a foundation of modules for autonomous, biodegradable bioelectronic systems fabricated entirely via 3D printing, with implications for personalized diagnostics, therapeutic interfaces, and transient medical devices.