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Abstract

In this paper we provide a deep and systematic study of what it means to be an immersion, a submersion, a local diffeomorphism, and unramified in a tangent category. We also give a systematic study of the ways in which these classes of morphisms interact, their properties, and give very explicit and concrete characterizations of how each class appears in algebraic geometry, differential geometry, algebra, and in Cartesian differential categories. Additionally, we discuss the notion of being carrable with respect to the tangent bundle projection, then use this to define the notion of horizontal descent in a tangent category, which we then use as a key tool to study the aforementioned classes of morphisms. In particular, we use this to define a de Rham relative cotangent complex in an arbitrary tangent category.