A geometric perspective on the inextensible flows and energy of curves in 4-dimensional pseudo-Galilean space
Fatma Almaz, Handan Oztekin
Published: 2025/9/28
Abstract
In this study, inextensible flows of curves in four-dimensional pseudo-Galilean space are expressed, and the necessary and sufficient conditions of these curve flows are given as partial differential equations. Also, the directional derivatives are defined in accordance with the Serret-Frenet frame in G41, the extended Serret-Frenet relations are expressed by using Frenet formulas in G41. Furthermore, the bending elastic energy functions are expressed for the same particle according to curve a(s,t).