GroundBIRD Telescope: Systematics Modelization of MKID Arrays Response
Yonggil Jo, Alessandro Fasano, Eunil Won, Makoto Hattori, Shunsuke Honda, Chiko Otani, Junya Suzuki, Mike Peel, Kenichi Karatsu, Ricardo Génova-Santos, Miku Tsujii
Published: 2025/9/24
Abstract
Kinetic inductance detectors are widely used in millimeter- and submillimeter-wave astronomy, benefiting from their fast response and relative ease of fabrication. The GroundBIRD telescope employs microwave kinetic inductance detectors at 145 and 220 GHz to observe the cosmic microwave background. As a ground-based telescope, it is subject to inherent environmental systematics, namely atmospheric emission and thermal fluctuations of the focal plane temperature. This study models resonance frequency shifts induced by each source using calibrated on-site measurements of precipitable water vapor and temperature. Comparison with observational data confirms the validity of the models and identifies atmospheric loading as the dominant contributor to frequency variation under typical observation conditions.