Tomonaga-Luttinger Liquid Behavior in a Rydberg-encoded Spin Chain
Gabriel Emperauger, Mu Qiao, Cheng Chen, Filippo Caleca, Saverio Bocini, Marcus Bintz, Guillaume Bornet, Romain Martin, Bastien Gély, Lukas Klein, Daniel Barredo, Shubhayu Chatterjee, Norman Yao, Fabio Mezzacapo, Thierry Lahaye, Tommaso Roscilde, Antoine Browaeys
Published: 2025/1/14
Abstract
Quantum fluctuations can disrupt long-range order in one-dimensional systems, and replace it with the universal paradigm of the Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid (TLL), a critical phase of matter characterized by power-law decaying correlations and linearly dispersing excitations. Using a Rydberg quantum simulator, we study how TLL physics manifests in the low-energy properties of a spin chain, interacting under either the ferromagnetic or the antiferromagnetic dipolar XY Hamiltonian. Following quasi-adiabatic preparation, we directly observe the power-law decay of spin-spin correlations in real-space, allowing us to extract the Luttinger parameter. In the presence of an impurity, the chain exhibits tunable Friedel oscillations of the local magnetization. Moreover, by utilizing a quantum quench, we directly probe the propagation of correlations, which exhibit a light-cone structure related to the linear sound mode of the underlying TLL. Our measurements demonstrate the influence of the long-range dipolar interactions, renormalizing the parameters of TLL with respect to the case of nearest-neighbor interactions. Finally, comparison to numerical simulations exposes the high sensitivity of TLLs to doping and finite-size effects.